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RAID Calculator
Calculate usable capacity and fault tolerance for RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10.
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Storage & Data Transfer Tools
RAID capacity, file transfer time, RAM timings, and a visual tour of the memory hierarchy.
10 tools in this category
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Subnet Calculator
Calculate network address, broadcast address, and usable IP ranges for IPv4/IPv6.
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Data Transfer Calculator
Estimate transfer times for files over USB, WiFi, Ethernet, and more.
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Power Cost Estimator
Estimate annual electricity costs for your PC, Server, or TV.
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Memory and Storage Throughput Visualizer
Visualize the massive speed difference between CPU cache, RAM, and storage.
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RAM Latency Calculator
Convert DDR3/DDR4/DDR5 timings (CL, tRCD, tRP, tRAS) into true latency in nanoseconds.
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LLM VRAM Calculator
Calculate the VRAM needed to run or fine-tune any LLM at any quantization.
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LLM API Pricing Calculator
Compare API costs across major models (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google) with prompt caching.
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LLM Token Counter
Count tokens in any prompt for GPT, Claude, Gemini, and Llama with exact OpenAI tokenization.
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Character Counter
Count characters, words, sentences, paragraphs, and lines. Check writing limits and count specific characters or phrases.
Use Tool ➜About Storage & Data Transfer Tools
TechCompare's storage and data tools handle the two questions that come up every time you plan a drive, NAS, or RAM upgrade: how much usable capacity and fault tolerance am I getting, and how long is this going to take? The RAID Calculator covers RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10; the data transfer calculator converts a file size into an expected time at any link speed; and the Memory & Storage Throughput Visualizer models how much slower bulk reads are across SSD, RAM, and cache tiers.
Use these together when designing a home server, sizing a backup plan, or reasoning about why a workload feels slow. The RAM Latency Calculator turns DDR3/DDR4/DDR5 timings into true nanoseconds of latency, which is usually more informative than the marketing numbers printed on the box.
Frequently asked questions
Which RAID level should I use for a home NAS?
How long will it take to copy files over USB or WiFi?
Divide file size by link speed. The Data Transfer Calculator does this automatically for USB 2/3/3.1/3.2, Thunderbolt, Gigabit and 2.5/10 GbE Ethernet, and common WiFi standards. It also factors in typical real-world overhead so the estimate reflects what you'll actually see, not the theoretical peak.
What does true latency mean for RAM?
True latency in nanoseconds equals CL (CAS latency) divided by memory frequency, times 2000. A DDR5-6000 CL30 kit works out to roughly 10 ns. Lower is better, but for most workloads bandwidth matters more than tight timings. The RAM Latency Calculator shows both numbers so you can compare honestly.
Why is storage so much slower than RAM?
The storage path and the workload differ. The Memory & Storage Throughput Visualizer models bulk read transfer time, so it makes the gap between cache, RAM, SSD, and HDD visible for a selected data size. It does not model random-access latency. That's why moving a hot dataset into RAM, or swapping to a faster tier, can produce outsized speedups, but the right choice still depends on the workload.
Do these calculators handle mixed-size drives in a RAID?
The RAID Calculator assumes equal-size drives because most traditional RAID arrays do. If you have unequal drives, enter the smallest drive size. That's the per-drive capacity a traditional RAID array or RAIDZ vdev will use, with extra space on larger drives generally unavailable to that array. Some systems and layouts handle mixed sizes differently, so check the specific topology instead of assuming the remainder will be used.
Popular guides
1 TB over USB 3.0
How long a 1 TB transfer actually takes over USB 3.0, and why the real time beats the marketing number.
1 TB over Gigabit Ethernet
Real-world 1 TB network transfer time on a gigabit link, and the overhead that inflates it.
100 GB over Gigabit Ethernet
How long 100 GB takes to move over gigabit, and when the link becomes the bottleneck.
1 TB over Thunderbolt 4
Thunderbolt 4 transfer time for 1 TB, and how it compares to USB and network paths.
500 GB to SATA SSD
SATA SSD write time for 500 GB, and where the interface caps out versus NVMe.