100 Hz test tone for 50 Hz hum and subwoofer localization

By TechCompare · Updated · How we check

Close your eyes while this tone plays and point at where it comes from. If you point straight at the subwoofer, the sub may be playing pitches the ear can use to find it.

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Frequency Generator

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100 Hz sine
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This page does two jobs with one clean 100 Hz sine tone. The first is a hum match: in a 50 Hz area, this is the pitch hum usually lands on, so it works as a reference for the buzz from your gear. The second is a subwoofer localization check.

Oscillators
1
Single tone
Frequencies
100 Hz
Waveform
Sine
Per-oscillator lanes

How this is calculated

According to Wikipedia's Mains hum article, hum from a ground loop is usually at the second harmonic of the line frequency, because the heavy ground currents come from AC to DC power supplies that rectify the mains waveform. On a 50 Hz grid that's 100 Hz, so this is the pitch to compare your hum against. On a 60 Hz grid it's 120 Hz, so type that into the full Frequency Generator instead.

A match fits that pattern without proving it. The tone can't name the box making the noise, so that part is still up to you and your connections.

Turn the volume down first and raise it slowly, because overdriving a speaker can cause distortion. Mute the music, then listen to the buzz from your gear while the tone plays. If the pitch lines up, you've found the usual pattern. If it doesn't, try the 50 Hz tone and the 60 Hz tone, since those are the grid frequencies.

For the localization check, play the tone, close your eyes, and point at the sound. According to Wikipedia's Subwoofer article, poorly designed systems often leave everything below about 120 Hz, or even higher, to the subwoofer. The sub then plays frequencies the ear can use to tell where a sound comes from, which the article calls an undesirable localization effect. It says this is usually due to a crossover point set too high or a crossover slope that's too gentle. The article doesn't give a right crossover number, so this page doesn't either.

The article also says many small multimedia subwoofers are too small to produce deep bass in the typical 20 to 100 Hz range. One cycle of this tone takes 10 ms, and the wave is about 11 feet (3.4 meters) long.

Verdict

If you can point at the sub, look at its crossover setting before you test lower tones. If you can't, that part of the check is fine, and the hum match is the part to follow up. Don't read a quiet 100 Hz tone as a fault in the sub, since a small speaker may play it weakly.

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Frequently asked questions

Can this tone show whether a ground loop is the cause?
No. A match fits the pattern the Mains hum article describes, but the tone can't show which two devices are linked. A ground loop sits between connected devices, so look at how your gear is connected next.
Can a small speaker play 100 Hz?
Some can and some can't, and this page can't tell you which. A missing tone is a clue about that speaker, so try another playback device before you decide anything about the sub or the hum.
Is 100 Hz a bass note?
Yes, at the top end. Wikipedia's Subwoofer article gives 20 to 100 Hz as the typical deep bass range. Wikipedia's Bass guitar article says a bass guitar most commonly has four strings, tuned E1, A1, D2 and G2. E1 is 41.2 Hz and G2, the highest string, is 98 Hz, so this tone sits just above the top string.
Is it bad if I can't point at my sub?
No. The Subwoofer article calls the localization effect undesirable, so not being able to find the sub by ear at this tone is the better result. It doesn't show the sub is playing, though, so listen for the tone itself before you decide the sub is fine.